Shotguns can fire both split and single ammo cartridges.
The broken ammunition is generally used in Italy for hunting birds and small mammals (hare), while single-shot ammunition for large animals and in particular al boar.
AMMUNITION BROKEN - SHOTSHELLS
COMPONENTS OF THE SHOT CARTRIDGE
shot
cartridge case
wad-container
cardboard
gunpowder
case back
priming device
The hunting cartridge is made up of a series of elements that form a whole homogeneous element.
Il cartridge case it is structured like a plastic or waxed cardboard tube closed at the base by a case back metallic and on top by a cardboard or from one stellar closure. The caseback contains thepriming device (also called "capsule") and the gunpowder (who are in direct contact). The height of the caseback is variable: in the less powerful cartridges it is low while in the more powerful ones it is high.
On the gunpowder a cardboard is generally placed which has the prerogative of keeping the pressure generated by its ignition constant in all points of the surface.
Above the cardboard there is a cylindrical element called "erase”Which in many high-power cartridges is replaced by a goblet-shaped container designed to contain the charge of shot. However, both have the purpose of making the thrust generated by the combustion gases uniform and effective.
The closure of the pellets can be achieved by folding the case or by placing a waterproof cardboard on it.
I hunting pellets, of different sizes, are of pure lead or mixed with nickel (nickel-plated lead); the latter appear more resistant to deformations and are more effective in their motion.
The size of the pellets is important for killing the game and in particular we can identify a summary table of the elements necessary for the evaluation of a cartridge.
The dimensions of the dots follow a numbering ranging from 6/0 to 12 and their diameter is inverse to the numbering so that the two-zeroed dots are the largest and those of 12 are smaller.
NUMBERING DAND THE BB'S AND THEIR DIAMETER
SHOT NUMBERING
DIAMETER (mm.)
6/0
6,15
5/0
5,1
4/0
4,5
3/0
4,3
2/0
4,1
0
3,9
1
3,7
2
3,5
3
3,3
4
3,1
5
2,9
6
2,7
7
2,5
7/1 and 2/XNUMX
2,4
8
2,3
9
2,1
10
1,9
11
1,7
12
1,5
13
1,3
14
1,1
With reference to the various calibers of hunting rifles, the shot load that can be fired varies from a minimum dose to a maximum dose:
LEAD NUMBERING USED ON THE VARIOUS CALIBERS
CALIBER
Can
min
grams
Can
Max
grams
Standard 12 gauge
28
36
Caliber 12 magnum
28
46
12 gauge supemagnum
28
54
16 caliber
24
32
Standard 20 gauge
21
28
Caliber 20 magnum
21
36
24 caliber
17
21
28 caliber
14
18
32 caliber
11
16
36 caliber
7
14
Caliber 410 magnum
4
21
AMMUNITION UNIQUE - BALL CARTRIDGES
COMPONENTS OF THE BALL CARTRIDGE
ball
cartridge case
gunpowder
cardboard
priming device
case back
The single ammunition hunting cartridge differs from the broken ammunition for a single variant: in the place and in the position where pellets are placed there is a single body with a truncated-comic shape that represents the projectile (ball).
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