PSA control
New studies from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) suggest that while fencing can help control the spread of African swine fever (ASF), it must be used in conjunction with other measures to be most effective. The latest analysis also highlights the potential role of some insects in spreading the virus but stresses the need for more research in the area.
The fence issue
The most relevant findings of the EFSA scientific document concerned in particular fences. When combined with culling, removal of carcasses and existing road infrastructure, they can help control ASF in wild boars. However, their success depends on timely implementation, adaptability to changing epidemiological situations and regular maintenance. Natural barriers such as large rivers or urban areas can also limit the movements of wild boars.
Population density of wild boars
Although wild boar density is an important factor, the analysis did not find a clear and homogeneous effect. Other factors, such as habitat, climate and potential barriers, also play a role in the spread of the virus, but more data is needed to fully understand the issue.
Immunocontraception
EFSA experts have examined the use of immunocontraception to reduce wild boar populations. The researchers noted that further research is needed to develop a safe and effective oral vaccine. However, such efforts should take into account, among other aspects, long-term environmental impacts.
Insect vectors
The report investigates the role of ticks and insects as potential carriers of the virus. While ticks have not been responsible for the spread of the virus in the EU over the last decade, the role of horseflies and similar insects remains uncertain and requires further investigation.
Domestic pigs
In domestic pigs, stringent biosecurity measures and certain management practices are essential to prevent the virus from entering the farm. This includes the safe storage of bedding material, the use of insect nets and avoiding the spreading of manure from adjacent farms, especially in areas where ASF is present.
Initiatives in progress
EFSA experts continue to examine and identify risk and protective factors against ASF in both domestic pigs and wild boar populations. This ongoing work includes monitoring and reporting to enrich knowledge and provide the scientific basis for measures to combat ASF at European level.
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