The theme is too broad and complex to deal with in its entirety. Like Hunting Federation and as users of natural environments we want to focus attention on water management in Italy and on how important it is to change step in the management of internal water resources: rivers, lakes, lagoons, large and small wetlands.
Much has been done in recent years in regards to the quality of inland waters, once certainly more polluted than today by industrial discharges or sewers, currently subject to strict protection regulations, with purification and purification obligations from chemical contamination before being put back into circulation. However, a great deal still remains to be done, in particular for the eutrophication problems and quality of many water basins, often not managed according to a precise analysis of the characteristics and biological value, which leads to neglect, for example, living biocoenoses and priorities for conservation.
Of great importance and particularly felt by us for its implications on the well-being of populations, of the environment in general and of fauna, is the role of wetlands, as effectively described by the international organization. Wetlands International.
• Prosperity: wetlands are often linked to the economy of the populations that inhabit them.
• Maintenance of clean water: in a world where the demand for water is growing rapidly, the conservation and restoration of wetlands make it possible to safeguard the water demand for agriculture and human consumption.
• Wealth of food: By adapting water and agricultural practices in wetlands and incorporating them into agricultural landscapes, it is possible to ensure long-term food security and improve biodiversity.
• Disaster protection: About 90% of natural or man-made disasters are water related. The conservation of wetlands makes it possible to reduce the impact of damage caused by these events (eg expansion tanks, maintenance of river deltas and coastal lagoons).
• Carbon storage: wetlands are among the largest carbon reserves, maintaining these areas contributes to reducing CO2 emissions and slowing global warming, improving biodiversity, safety and human well-being.
• Safeguard of NatureWetlands support abundant and unique Nature, but freshwater biodiversity has decreased dramatically since the 70s. Concerted action by individuals, civil society groups, institutions and the private sector is urgently needed to reverse this trend.
The most urgent need, particularly in Italy, is linked to "land consumption", which is directly related to water management. In fact the overbuilding, due to the growing construction of infrastructures and human settlements (roads, houses, warehouses, industrial areas, etc.) ensures the waterproofing of the soil with consequent channeling of rainwater, which no longer enriches natural or agricultural land. Generally speaking, fresh water is channeled more and more into fast-flowing channels that impoverish the non-cemented areas, and often in case of heavy rains they are not able to assure the extent of the floods. Many rivers also lack the so-called "expansion tanks" into which the waters can drain in the event of an increase in flow and avoid damage to property and people.
Another problem concerns the coastal wetlands, subjected in the past to real destruction, but still under pressure for the construction of roads, tourist villages, houses etc., completely forgetting their biological value, often to the advantage of illegal activities and illegal activities. The mouths of many rivers in central and southern Italy are besieged by concrete and they have often been channeled, preventing the natural flow of fresh water into the sea and the diffusion of fresh water in the surrounding land, with a consequent increase in the saline wedge of the underlying land, which then also causes an impoverishment of agricultural land.
Unfortunately so far none of the Italian governments it has effectively legislated on land consumption or specific protection of wetlands, if not with more facade than substance interventions.
Also on this increasingly fundamental issue, Federcaccia asks for a change of pace, with the creation of a technical table for the analysis of inland water management and land consumption, in order to find solutions soon so as not to lose what we still have precious in the field of biodiversity linked to our country's water (Faunistic and Agro-Environmental Studies and Research Office Federcaccia).
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