Sterilization of the dog. It is called ovariohysterectomy for females. For males castration.
Spaying a dog it consists of a permanent surgical operation. In females, the procedure is called ovariohysterectomy and involves the removal of both ovaries and the uterus. For males we speak of castration or orchiectomy and involves complete removal of the testicles.
Dog neutering is often the wisest decision a dog owner can make but is unable to take responsibility for dog breeding. In fact, thousands of dogs end up in kennels every year because no one wants them anymore and finding it difficult to adopt adoptions after long periods of time spent in kennels can get sick and risk being killed. All of this can be avoided with sterilization.
A common belief is that neutering makes the dog sad and depressed, in fact most of the neutered animals are more affectionate, joyful and serene because they are no longer taken by the thought of mating. They also don't get as fat and lazy as you think, in fact they just need fewer calories and therefore with adequate nutrition they will keep in perfect shape.
It is never too late to spay your dog. While it is best to do this before puberty, studies show that neutering has the same effect at any age. There is actually no reason not to spay your dog unless you have the will to take responsibility for looking after future puppies.
Male sterilization.
Neutering brings considerable health benefits to a male dog. It prevents prostate problems for older dogs and completely eliminates the possibility of testicular tumors or infections. Sterilization also modifies many behavioral problems. Eliminates testosterone, responsible for "masculine" behaviors, such as mounting, urinary marking, the struggle for territorial supremacy and wandering in search of females. In addition, castration makes the male calmer, therefore less nervous and aggressive.
Sterilization of the female
Sterilization removes the primary source of the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Spaying the female before the first heat has no chance of breast cancer developing. Sterilization also eliminates the possibility of a tumor or infection in the uterus. Unlike castration, spaying the female has little effect on the animal's behavior. However, spaying prevents the occasional aggression that females suffer during the heat and the period of false pregnancy that may follow. Furthermore, with sterilization the female will not lose blood.